This thesis will compare childhood in the past with contemporary childhood. The first part is composed of a theoretical segment which answers the question “What is childhood?“ followed by a description of childhood in the 20th and 21st century. Specific features are listed for each time period, such as children's free time, number of family members, children's role in the household, nature and behavior towards older family members. In the second part, methodological research was conducted. The sample consisted of 40 participants including 20 participants over the age of 60 and 20 adolescents who were children at the beginning of the 2000s. Respondents answered a series of questions which encompassed their view and experience of early childhood. With their answers, they complemented the ideas, practice and culture of childhood, all throughs the collecting of data about different dimensions: appearance, diet, living with special emphasis on spaces intended for children, chores, homework, education, free time, children stories, songs, beliefs and the possibilities of visiting a doctor. The conducted research will give us a closer picture of what "it" used to look like, i.e. how the respondents experienced their childhood.