The thesis consists of two parts. In the first part, there is a theoretical presentation in which the concepts of didactics and puppetry are defined. It provides an overview of the basics of puppetry, and the emphasis is on didactics in the early and preschool age of children, and on the use of puppets in kindergarten as a didactic tool. It also describes the relationship between the puppeteer and the doll, the connection between the doll and the child, and the way preschool children learn. Next, the concept of puppet didactics is analyzed in detail and the didactic possibilities of puppets in working with children are listed, from making puppets, writing text for a puppet play, creating scenography and using music. The second part of the thesis consists of the practical application of puppet didactics in educational work with children of early and preschool age. In this part, the work contains a description of the creation of the puppet show "It's not easy to be an elephant", the selection and creation of scenography, appropriate puppet solutions, music and lighting. Furthermore, it describes the process of making the dolls that were used in the puppet play and in the creation of which the children and educators participated, as well as in the creation of parts of the scenography. At the end of the thesis there is a description of the activities that followed in the educational group after the children watched the puppet show. Everything presented aims to present the practical application of the use of puppet didactics in educational work with children of early and preschool age.