Asthma is the most common chronic inflammatory disease in preschool children and is characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and bronchial obstruction. It is a multifactorial disease, which means that its occurrence depends on genetic and environmental factors. The most common type in children is allergic asthma, and the allergens that usually cause it, are pollen, mites, animal hair and smoke. There are various phenotypes of asthma in children and they depend on the age of children and exposure to various triggers. Symptoms that characterize asthma are wheezing, chest tightness, coughs and heavy breathing. The diagnosis in children begins with anamnesis and physical examination. Diagnosis may also include lung function measurements, allergologic diagnosis, laboratory tests and lung X – ray. Pharmacological treatment is based on anti – inflammatory and symptomatic medications, and in children, the most common form of taking medications is the inhalation technique. The goal of asthma treatment is to achieve complete control of the disease and this is possible only if a partnership between the child, his family and team of healthcare professionals is established. The healthcare professionals are a doctor and a nurse. The nurse plays a major role in education and healthcare of a child with asthma. She composes a healthcare plan and plans various interventions that can contribute to more successful asthma treatment.