The emotional development of a child is just as important as the physical development because emotions play a significant role in practically every aspect of a child's functioning, f rom social relationships, exploration of the environment, development of self-image and the image of the surrounding world to later success in academic and work functioning. Learning the strategies of emotion management is important from the birth. Emotion regulation refers to internal and external processes responsible for monitoring, evaluation and modulation of emotional responses. Regulation of emotions enables parents and children to respond to everyday experiences in more tolerant and flexible ways. Therefore, regulating emotions plays an important role in social adjustment and children's functioning. This thesis presents the characterization of early emotional development of a child, explaines the mechanisms and processes involved in the regulation of emo tions and emphasizes the internal and external determinants of the development of emotional regulation in preschool children. In conclusion, this thesis deals with the role of preschool institutions in the development of the skills necessary for successful emotion regulation and the difficulties that may appear when this development is dissrupted.