| Sažetak | U današnje vrijeme, gotovo svako dijete nalazi se pod utjecajem suvremene tehnologije i suvremenog načina života, pa se tako pojam pretilosti javlja kao jedan od značajnijih čimbenika rizika razvoja kroničnih bolesti. Pretilost utječe na cjelokupnu kvalitetu života, kako u ranoj dobi i djetinjstvu, tako i u odrasloj dobi. Djetinjstvo je vrlo važno razdoblje u životu svake osobe jer se tada stječu pravilne životne i prehrambene navike koje se prvo razvijaju u obiteljskom domu, a zatim i u okolini u kojoj djeca borave, primjerice u dječjim vrtićima, školama, lokalnim zajednicama i slično. U Republici Hrvatskoj sve je više djece koja se već u ranoj i predškolskoj dobi smatraju pretilom. Sve to izazvano je nezdravom prehranom te poticanjem nepravilnog načina života koji uključuje manjak ili potpuni izostanak tjelesne aktivnosti. Naime, djeca najviše vremena provode sa svojim roditeljima koji im služe kao uzor u svemu, pa tako i u prehrani. Stoga, manjak roditeljske upućenosti o zdravim prehrambenim navikama dovodi do manjka dovoljno raznolike hrane bogate raznim ugljikohidratima, mastima i proteinima koji djeci pomažu pri rastu i razvoju. Kao posljedice pretilosti u djece i odraslih mogu se pojaviti brojni tjelesni, psihološki i socio-emocionalni problemi. Djeca često budu zadirkivana na temelju tjelesnog izgleda što dovodi do pojave depresije i autodestruktivnog ponašanja. Osim toga, i manjak tjelovježbe može dovesti do razvoja pretilosti. Djeca koja su aktivna i koja se svakodnevno bave nekom tjelovježbenom aktivnošću imaju više samopouzdanja i veću kontrolu nad vlastitim tijelom. Međutim, kako bi se spriječila pojava pretilosti potrebno je od rođenja učiti djecu zdravim navikama. Cilj ovoga rada jest osvijestiti problem pretilosti kod djece rane i predškolske dobi te odgojitelja i roditelja te predložiti smjernice kako utjecati na taj problem i smanjiti pretilost u populaciji djece. |
| Sažetak (engleski) | Nowdays, almost every child is under the influence of modern technology and the modern life-style, so the concept of obesity appears as one of the significant risk factors for the development of chronic diseases. Obesity affects the entire quality of life, both in early age and childhood, and in adulthood. Childhood is a very important period in the life of every person, because it is then that proper life and eating habits are acquired, which first develop in the family home, and then in the environment where children live, for example in kindergartens, schools or local communities. In the Republic of Croatia, there are more and more children who are already considered obese in early and preschool age. All of this is caused by an unhealthy diet and encouraging an irregular way of life that involves a lack or complete absence of physical activity. Namely, children spend most of their time with their parents, who serve as role models for them in everything, including diet. Therefore, the lack of parental knowledge about healthy eating habits leads to a lack of sufficiently varied food rich in various carbohydrates, fats and proteins that help children grow and develop. As a result of obesity in children and adults, a number of physical, psychological and emotional problems can arise. Children are often teased based on their physical appearance, which leads to depression and self-destructive behavior. In addition, a lack of exercise can lead to the development of obesity. Children who are active and who engage in physical activity every day have more self-confidence and more control over their own bodies. However, in order to prevent obesity, it is necessary to teach children healthy habits from birth. The aim of this work is to revive the problem of obesity in children of early and preschool age, as well as educators and parents, and to propose guidelines on how to influence this problem and reduce obesity in the population of children. |
