Eugenics represents one of the critical issues within the domain of bioethics. Although the term eugenics was defined just at the end of the nineteenth century, eugenics has its roots in much further history. Eugenics can generally be divided into old and new eugenics. Old eugenics aims to improve a population, while new eugenics mainly focuses on fulfilling an individual’s wishes. Old eugenics is characterized by involuntariness, while new eugenics is about the individual’s free choice regarding his rights, which is the most significant difference between old and new eugenics. In this thesis, American and Nazi eugenics are studied as examples of old eugenics, and laissez-faire eugenics and modern Chinese eugenics are described as examples of new eugenics. Furthermore, this thesis presents the most critical aspects of eugenics in Croatia and the future of eugenics, along with its potential risks in the form of ethical problems and dangers for humanity. Finally, the research conducted in the form of a questionnaire is presented, the aim of which is to gain insight into the attitudes od students of the Faculty of Educational Sciences in Osijek about eugenics. After the conducted research and interpretation of the results, it is concluded that students disagree with eugenic ideas, that they are primarily unsure of their knowledge of the subject and that students who took the Bioethics course during their studies are more informed about the subject and more aware of the current affairs and challenges of modern eugenics.