This study will analyze theoretical approaches that will shed light on key aspects of early childhood development in the context of adaptation to preschool and readiness for school. The first part of the study will present the perspectives and theories of significant scholars in the field of early childhood education, such as Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky, and Erik Erikson. Their works will be analyzed to understand how these three theorists conceptualized childhood, cognitive and social skill development, and the role of early childhood education. The second part of the study will focus on theoretical considerations of children’s adaptation to preschool, with a particular emphasis on the emotional, cognitive, and social factors affecting this adaptation. Challenges faced by children and parents during this transitional period will also be presented, along with strategies that parents and educators can employ to facilitate the adaptation process. Following this, the study will address the theoretical determinants of a child's readiness for school, examining the roles of preschool, family, and the broader environment in preparing the child for school. In the concluding section, guidelines and recommendations for parents and educators will be provided, aimed at supporting children during the transition to preschool and preparation for school. Additionally, examples of best practices, including successful programs and approaches that have proven effective in this area, will be presented.